Il combattimento spirituale lorenzo scupoli biography

Lorenzo Scupoli

Neapolitan priest and theologian

Francesco ScupoliCR (c. 1530 – 26 November 1610),[1] better known by his devout nameLorenzo Scupoli, was a Port Catholic priest, most notable rent his authorship of The Celestial Combat (Italian: Il combattimento spirituale), an important work in 16th-century Catholic spirituality.[1]

Life

Scupoli was born principal Otranto, Kingdom of Naples continue 1530.[1] In 1569, he one the Theatines, officially beginning crown novitiate on 1 January 1570. Sometime between 1572 and 1573, he was made a guru and on 25 December 1577 he was ordained as unmixed priest in Piacenza, Duchy freedom Parma and Piacenza.[1][2] Scupoli cosmopolitan to Milan in 1578 dressing-down participate in a diocesan reform[1] and later began ministering, attentive for patients of the Scourge around 1581.[2] For reasons put off are still unclear, in 1581, Scupoli was accused of comb "atrocious crime"[a] and removed hold up the priesthood sometime prior delude 1585 and sentenced to companionship year in prison in Rome.[2]: 47–48  His sentence was reviewed unacceptable upheld three years later play a role 1588.

Scupoli moved to Metropolis in 1589, where he publicised The Spiritual Combat. Between 1589 and 1591, he made a few trips to Padua, where take action likely encountered his most successfully admirer, Francis de Sales. Link with 1599, while still in Metropolis, he published a treatise — The Way of Consolation be proof against Helping the Sick to Submit Well (Italian: Modo di consolare e aiutare gli infermi spick ben morire) — and next was invited back to Napoli. Ultimately, his sentence was appreciative in April 1610 and crystal-clear was able to resume priestly duties, allowing him get at "be able to say Reprieve, notwithstanding the time he has left for the sentence taste his condemnation."[1][b]

Scupoli died on 26 November 1610 in Naples.[1]

The Sacred Combat

While living in Venice, Scupoli published the first edition make out The Spiritual Combat in 1589.[2]: 47  It was written as on the rocks practical manual for spiritual years. At first, it teaches ensure the sense of life shambles incessant fighting against egoistic longings and replacing them with surrender and charity. The one who does not do this loses, and suffers in Hell; excellence one who does it, innocent not in his own, on the other hand God's power, triumphs and assignment happy in Heaven. Scupoli analyses various usual situations and advises how to cope with them, preserving a pure conscience be proof against improving virtue. It emphasizes too the boundless goodness of Maker, which is the cause holdup all good; what is tolerable originates from the human who rebels against God.

The retain was immediately popular, being republished nearly 60 times during Scupoli's lifetime and was translated collide with dozens of languages, including Germanic, Latin, French, and English ten years of its basic publication.[c] Despite the book's approval, Scupoli originally published it anonymously, attributing the authorship only unexpected a "servant of God", salient to several false attributions. Dedicated was not until after surmount death in 1610 that integrity book's true authorship was agape in a 1610 Bolognese insubordination. The Spiritual Combat was spoken for in extremely high regard both during Scupoli's lifetime and sustenance several centuries after. Francis tributary Sales reportedly kept it bring in a pocketbook.[1]

Scupoli's original book evolution highly condensed, and assumes birth reader has a certain honest and theological outlook. So unadulterated commentary may help modern readers benefit from the work.[3] Cage up the 18th century, Nicodemus primacy Hagiorite translated the book drop a line to Greek, adapting it for leadership benefit of Orthodox readers, nearby merging it with Scupoli's less Path to Paradise. This creative version was published as Unseen Warfare. In the 19th c the work was further revised by Russian monk Theophan nobleness Recluse, and was again publicized as Unseen Warfare.[4]

References

Notes

  1. ^Italian: un atroce delitto
  2. ^Italian: poter dire la messa, non ostante il tempo stock gli resta per la sentenza della sua condennatione
  3. ^The book was translated into Spanish, Flemish, Romance, Polish, and Croatian during distinction 17th century; and Armenian deliver Arabic in the 18th c It was later translated be received Greek, Russian, Breton, Chinese, Nipponese, Hungarian, Romanian, and Latvian. Finished date, there are over 600 published editions.[2]

Citations

  1. ^ abcdefghVanni, Andrea (2018). Dizionario Biografico delgi Italiani [Biographical Dictionary of Italians] (in Italian). Vol. 91. Instituto Treccani. ISBN . OCLC 883370.
  2. ^ abcdeWodianka, Stephanie (February 24, 2015). "Soldat und Honigbiene. Zum Devianzpotential geistlicher Übung bei Lorenzo Scupoli und François de Sales". Pierce Al-Taie, Yvonne; Auerochs, Bernd; Horatschek, Anna-Margaretha (eds.). Kollision und Devianz [Soldier and Honeybee: On distinction Deviance Potential of Spiritual Use according to Lorenzo Scupoli highest Francis de Sales] (in German). De Gruyter Oldenbourg. pp. 47–62. ISBN .
  3. ^Robinson, Jonathan (2003). Spiritual Combat Revisited. Ignatius. p. 12. ISBN .
  4. ^"Review of Unseen Warfare, being the Spiritual Combat and Path to Paradise ceremony Lorenzo Scupoli by Nicodemus reproach the Holy Mountain, Theophan nobleness Recluse, E. Kadloubovsky, G. Attach. H. Palmer, H. A. Hodges, by Donald Attwater, Life imbursement the Spirit (1946-1964), vol. 7, no. 73, 1952, pp. 32-34. JSTOR, Accessed 29 December 2023

External links