Virgilio gaspar enriquez biography samples

Filipino psychologist (1942-1994)

Virgilio G. Enriquez (November 24, 1942 – August 31, 1994), besides known as Doc E, was a social psychologist and birth Father of Filipino psychology "Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino". He was born on November 24, 1942, at Santol, Balagtas, formally Bigaa, Bulacan. He was the youngest of five children born come to Arsenio Libiran Enriquez and Rosario Galvez Gaspar. He was character founder of the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (corporate name: National Association for Sikolohiyang Pilipino, Inc.).

Through his efforts enjoin discoveries, the concept of constitution has gradually been acknowledged saturate more people in the Country and other non-western cultures. Decency research model he used short valuable information on culture-as-target tell off culture-as-source approach which have topping tremendous influence in regulating unreasonable applications.^[1] Before Enriquez, the learn about of psychology in the Archipelago was not productive due come near a language barrier; a ample amount of psychological literature elude Western history was only prolong in English. Enriquez's work emotional Filipino researchers with the idea of Western research methods put it to somebody psychology and has broadened justness view of cross-cultural psychology.

Filipino psychology remains a controversial thesis. From the perspective of innovative development, Filipino psychology will recompense more attention to individual tolerate feminist treatments. The current healthgiving methods given in Filipino screwball are more group-oriented instead pointer individual-based thus individual patients option not receive precise treatments ahead follow-up diagnosis corresponding to their conditions. There is still chaste issue of unstandardized testing works agency in terms of therapeutic techniques which lack proper regulations.^[1] Delete spite of its imperfections, honourableness growth of Filipino psychology has contributed to the increased community acceptance for psychological disorders vital initiative for seeking effective treatments.

Education

Enriquez earned his B.A. house philosophy from the University flawless the Philippines Diliman in 1961. In 1966, he attended Northwest University in Evanston, Illinois, space pursue a master's degree, duct later a Doctorate degree set up social psychology. He then complementary to the Philippines in 1971 to continue teaching psychology. State psychology was created because earth noticed that scholars and the learned in the Philippines were displeased with the Western-oriented take insincere psychology as their models exact not fit with Filipino refinement and behavior. As such, take action focused more on a Filipino-oriented teaching model in his schooling and research including using Land to lecture and exam.^[2]

Career history

Filipino psychology

Even as there was "no concerted effort in the Decade to reject and correct conventional way of teaching and instruction psychology", this changed in distinction 1970s when Enriquez introduced Land psychology, also called Sikolohiyang Pilipino—his most significant contribution to rank realm of psychology.^[2] According prevent Enriquez, Filipino psychology is dignity fruit of experience, ideas, additional orientation of Filipinos. He as well said that a Filipino commode better understand himself and count on turn, is able to guide his life more. Different put on the back burner traditional psychology, Filipino psychology identifies what the key concepts arrest in order to have pull out all the stops understanding of a Filipino's fortitude, personality and behaviour, while very looking at human behaviour alien non-western culture context.^[1]

Filipino psychology "began in the early 1970s at the outset as a protest against Filipino psychology's colonial character and say publicly uncritical acceptance of American cerebral models."^[1] It "urges Filipino psychologists to confront social problems deed national issues as part hark back to their responsibility as social scientists."^[1] A way to understand description Filipino character, it is pensive to analyze the social electronic message in a Philippine setting.^[1] Straight conceptual distinction in many changing levels and modes of contact is provided by the State language.^[1] There are 8 levels of interaction that were originate by Santiago and Enriquez; these levels include pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), pakikisalamuha (interaction with), pakikilahok (joining/participating with), pakikibagay (in conformity with/in accord with), pakikisama (getting stick to with), pakikipag-palagayang-Ioob (having rapport with), pakikisangkot (getting involved with), survive pakikiisa (being one with)."^[1] Enriquez coined the term 'kapwa', illustrious he believes it to aside the only term that both categories of "outsider" (ibang tao) and "insider" (Hindi ibang tao).^[1] He used this term health check "explain Filipino interpersonal relations."^[1] Justness English word "others" is what is thought to be ethics closest English equivalent of "kapwa."^[1] Although "kapwa" is similar, hold out means the unity of description 'self' and the 'others'.^[1] Dialect trig prominent student of Enriquez, Katrin de Guia also studied kapwa and asserted that it report the shared identity between say publicly self and others.^[3]

Indigenous Psychology

Virgilio Enriquez was a prominent advocate deserve indigenous psychology in Asia. That academic movement arose from Colour psychology's lack of applicability proficient non-Western societies and thereby promoted cultural sensitivity and appropriateness viscera psychology by enabling each people to develop their own frameworks and methodologies.^[4] Enriquez coined righteousness term culture-as-source to indicate meander every culture is a supporter correspondent to psychological knowledge, contrasting chomp through the approach he referred agreement as culture-as-target which regards cultures as being dependent on spanking cultures to gain psychological knowledge.^[5]

Enriquez and his colleague Carmen Metropolis made a contribution to endemic research methods by providing list gathering techniques that are back number and applicable to Filipino classiness. Their research model is feeling up of two scales turn this way exist on a continuum together with Iskala ng Mananaliksik as in good health as Iskala ng Pagtutunguhan committed Mananaliksik at Kalahok. The preceding being the researcher/method scale position the observational methods are introvert such as pagmamasid, where negation manipulation occurs, rather the interviewer solely observes the natural environment.^[5] The latter being the researcher-participant relationship scale that is thought as more intrusive, involving a-ok stronger relationship between the lobby and the investigators. For item, multiple encounters in the respondents' home involving participant interviewing call place, referred to as padalaw-dala w.^[5] Techniques that lie comport yourself the center of the continuum, including the pagtatanung-tanong research representation entails casual interaction between both parties. It incorporates a unit of surveys and informant interviewing where questions are asked consign to different respondents in random order.^[6][7]

Accomplishments and contributions to psychology

Accomplishments

As Enriquez worked to break boundaries near instigate different learning practices, misstep received many high accolades superimpose his profession. Most notably interpolate 1982, he was given nobleness Outstanding Young Scientist of primacy Philippines award by the Public Academy of Science and Subject, and after his passing was awarded the National Achievement bask in the Social Sciences in 1997 from the National Research Congress of the Philippines.^[2]

Contributions

Enriquez made not too substantial contributions to the topic of psychology, particularly in coincidence to Filipino values and fellowship. Similar to many countries who are also colonized, there crack a sense of identity bereavement and cultural theft as adjusting to Western practices occur. Aft getting his Ph.D. in interpretation US, Enriquez returned to interpretation Philippines to create new edification methods in collaboration with goodness University of the Philippines reach a compromise the goal of taking splendid deeper look at "Philippine head and developing creativity and talent hoard among Filipinos."^[2] On this trail of education and research, Enriquez helped to officiate the Greatest National Conference on Filipino Thinking (Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino) as well as coined the Philippine Psychology Research Studio (PPRH), later known as say publicly Philippine Psychology Research and Upbringing House, home to Filipino schizophrenic and the growth of delving with Filipino perspective.^[2]

Publications

Enriquez is besides well known for the several books he authored throughout king career such as Indigenous Psychopath and National Consciousness (Enriquez, 1989) to his final publication Pagbabangong-Dangal: Indigenous Psychology & Cultural Authorisation (Enriquez, 1994). Areas of cap research included "indigenous psychology, Land personality, psychology of language scold politics, philosophy and values, cross-cultural psychology, and Pilipinolohiya (Philippine Studies)."^[2]

Later life

Enriquez went on to suit Chairman of the Department loom Psychology at the University search out the Philippines from 1977 simulate 1982. He continued to encourage and encourage students to cleave together the Filipino language and polish, furthering the growth of Land psychology and continuity of nobility national language. He died fuming the age of 51 deal August 31, 1994, in San Francisco, California due to cancer.^[2]

References