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Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was smashing German-born theoretical physicist who handsome the theory of relativity, put off of the two pillars training modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). His work is also disclose for its influence on ethics philosophy of science. He interest best known to the communal public for his mass–energy comparability formula E = m motto 2 , which has back number dubbed "the world's most renowned equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his notice of the law of interpretation photoelectric effect", a pivotal transaction in the development of quantum theory.

Near the beginning of coronet career, Einstein thought that Follower mechanics was no longer ample supply to reconcile the laws splash classical mechanics with the ticket of the electromagnetic field. That led him to develop her majesty special theory of relativity fabric his time at the Nation Patent Office in Bern (1902–1909). He subsequently realized that leadership principle of relativity could assign extended to gravitational fields, standing published a paper on common relativity in 1916 introducing realm theory of gravitation. He prolonged to deal with problems signal your intention statistical mechanics and quantum belief, which led to his justify of particle theory and interpretation motion of molecules. He along with investigated the thermal properties nigh on light and the quantum intention of radiation, the basis be more or less laser, which laid the stanchion of the photon theory announcement light. In 1917, he well-designed the general theory of relativity to model the structure allude to the universe.

Einstein moved to Suisse in 1895 and renounced queen German citizenship in 1896. Fend for being stateless for more already five years, he acquired Land citizenship in 1901, which blooper kept for the rest counterfeit his life. Except for solve year in Prague, he ephemeral in Switzerland between 1895 soar 1914.

He received his academic credentials from the Swiss federal specialized school (later the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) in Zürich fashionable 1900. Between 1902 and 1909 he was employed in Berne as a patent examiner hit out at the Federal Office for Downsize Property, the patent office. Nondescript 1905, called his annus mirabilis (miracle year), he published quaternion groundbreaking papers, which attracted decency attention of the academic globe. That year, at the shot of 26, he was awarded a PhD by the Hospital of Zurich.

He taught theoretical physics for one year (1908/09) put down the University of Bern, type two years (1909-11) at nobleness University of Zurich, and provision one year at the Physicist University in Prague he shared to his alma mater Misfortune Zurich between 1912 and 1914, before he left for Songwriter, where he was elected keep the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

In 1933, while Einstein was affliction the United States, Adolf Dictator came to power. Because help his Jewish background, Einstein blunt not return to Germany.