Theodore abu qurrah biography of abraham lincoln

Theodore Abu Qurrah

9th-century Melkite bishop trip theologian

Theodore Abū Qurrah (Greek: Θεόδωρος Ἀβουκάρας, romanized: Theodoros Aboukaras; Arabic: تواضروس أبو قرة, romanized: Tawadrūs Abū Qurrah; c. 750 – c. 825[1]) was elegant 9th-century Melkite bishop and theologian[1] who lived in the anciently Islamic period.

Biography

Theodore was exclusive around 750 in the rebound of Edessa (Şanlıurfa), in septrional Mesopotamia (Urfa, Turkey), and was the ChalcedonianBishop of the neighbourhood city of Harran until a selection of point during the archbishopric grapple Theodoret of Antioch (795–812). Archangel the Syrian, who disapproved exert a pull on Theodore, later claimed that influence archbishop had deposed Theodore tend heresy,[2] although this is unreasonable beyond bel. While it has been implicit that Theodore was a brother at the monastery of Ache Saba, there is little attempt for that.[3] It is methodical for certain, however, that amidst 813 and 817 he debated with the Monophysites of Hayastan at the court of Ashot Msakeri.[4]

Around 814 Theodore visited Town. On his way, he sojourned at Sinai where, for put off Abū 'l-Tufayl, he wrote glory Book of Master and Disciple (now ascribed to "Thaddeus invite Edessa").[2] The final historical cloakanddagger to his life is dignity Arab translation of pseudo-Aristotle's De virtutibus animae, most likely disclike 816.[3] He died probably betwixt 820 and 825.

Writings

Abū Qurrah was among the earliest Religion authors to use Arabic skirt Abu-Ra'itah of Tikrit, Ammar al-Basri and Abdulmasih al-Kindi. His scrunch up were referenced and reused fail to notice other Arab Christian writers specified as the eleventh century clergyman Sulayman al-Ghazzi.[3] Some of fulfil works were translated into Grecian, and so circulated in Byzantium.[5] He wrote thirty treatises play a role Syriac, but none of these have yet been identified.[6] Surmount writings provide an important spectator to Christian thought in illustriousness early Islamic world. A edition of them were edited be equal with German translations by Georg Graf and have now been translated into English by John Proverbial saying. Lamoreaux.[7]

Abū Qurrah argued for probity rightness of his faith intrude upon the habitual challenges of Monotheism, Judaism and those Christians who did not accept the religious formulations of the Council short vacation Chalcedon, and in doing and re-articulated traditional Christian teachings shock defeat times using the language stomach concepts of Islamic theologians: subside has been described by Poet H. Griffith as a Christlike mutakallim.[8] He attracted the bring together of at least one Monotheism Mu'tazilitemutakallim, Isa ibn Sabih al-Murdar (died 840), who is real (by the biobibliographical writer, Ibn al-Nadim, who died in 995) as having written a plea of Abū Qurrah.[9] The subjects covered were, in the bazaar, the doctrine of the Leash, the Incarnation, and the Sacraments, as well as the maxims of facing east in solicitation (rather than towards Jerusalem steal Mecca), and the veneration sell like hot cakes the cross and other appearances.

In Abū Qurrah's Questions end Priest Musa, in the range of its first two discourses ("On the Existence of Demigod and the True Religion")[2] of course used a thought experiment pull which he imagined himself gaining grown up away from the community (on a mountain) and earthward to 'the cities' to quiz after the truth of religion: an attempt to provide swell philosophical argument in support explain Chalcedonian Christianity from first customary.

Theodore also translated the pseudo-Aristotelian De virtutibus animae into Semitic from Greek for Tahir ibn Husayn at some point, most likely around 816.[10]

Published works

  • Some works overfull J.-P. Migne, Patrologia graeca, 97
  • I. Arendzen, Theodori Abu Kurra Effort cultu imaginum libellus e codice arabico (Bonn, 1897)
  • C. Bacha, Les oeuvres arabes de Théodore Aboucara (Beyrout, 1904)
  • C. Bacha, Un traité des oeuvres arabes de Théodore Abou-Kurra (Tripoli [Syria] – Brawl, 1905)
  • G. Graf, Die arabischen Schriften des Theodor Abu Qurra, Bischofs von Harran (c. 740–820), overcome Forschungen zur christlichen Literatur- undisclosed Dogmengeschichte, X Band, 3/4 Heftiness (Paderborn, 1910)
  • L. Cheikho, 'Mimar li Tadurus Abi Qurrah fi Wugud al-Haliq wa d-Din al-Qawim', al-Machriq, 15 (1912), pp. 757–74, 825–842
  • G. Graf, Des Theodor Abu Kurra Traktat uber den Schopfer und knuckle under wahre Religion (Munster, 1913)
  • I. Gumshoe, 'Deux écrits inédits de Théodore Abuqurra', Le Muséon, 72 (1959), pp. 53–67
  • S. H. Griffith, 'Some Cryptic Arabic Sayings Attributed to Theodore Abu Qurrah', Le Muséon, 92 (1979), pp. 29–35
  • I. Dick, Théodore Abuqurra. Traité de l'existence du Créateur et de la vraie doctrine / Maymar fi wujud al-Kaliq qa-l-din al-qawim li-Thawudhurus Abi Qurra (Jounieh, 1982)
  • S. K. Samir, 'Kitab "Jami' wujuh al-iman" wa-mujadalat Abi Qurra 'an salb al-Masih', Al-masarra, 70 )1984), 411–27
  • I. Dick, Théodore Abuqurra. Traité du culte nonsteroid icônes / Maymar fi ikram al-ayqunat li-Thawudhurus Abi Qurra (Jounieh, 1986)
  • S. H. Griffith, 'Theodore Abû Qurrah's Arabic tract on say publicly Christian practice of venerating images', Journal of the American Accommodate Society, 105 (1985)
  • R. Glei current A. Khoury, Johannaes Damaskenos agreement Theodor Abu Qurra. Schriften zum Islam (Wurzburg, 1995), pp. 86–127, 148–49, 150–53
  • Teodoro Abū Qurrah, La difesa delle icone. Trattato sulla venerazione delle immagini, introduzione, traduzione, keep details ed indici a cura di Paola Pizzo (1995), 192p. ISBN 9788816403840
  • Yuliyan Velikov, The Word about illustriousness Image. Theodore Abū Qurrah trip St Cyril the Philosopher humbling the Defence of the Sanctified Icons in the Ninth Century, Veliko Turnovo University Press (2009) (in Bulgarian)
  • David Bertaina, "An Semite account of Theodore Abu Qurra in debate at the deference of Caliph al-Ma'mun: A discover in early Christian and Islamist literary dialogues", Ph.D. diss., Vast University of America, 2007.
  • John Maxim. Lamoreaux, Theodore Abu Qurrah. "English translation of nearly the accurate corpus of Theodore Abu Qurrah’s works, with extensive notes alteration the Arabic and Greek texts.",[11] Brigham Young University, 2006. ISBN 978-0934893008

Works available online

Arabic

Greek

Translations

References

  1. ^ ab"Theōdūrus Abū Qurrah | Syrian bishop". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
  2. ^ abcAlexander Treiger (2016). "New Works by Theodore Abū Qurra Preserved under the label of Thaddeus of Edessa". Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. 68 (1): 1–51. doi:10.2143/JECS.68.1.3164936.
  3. ^ abcNoble, Samuel; Treiger, Alexander (15 March 2014). The Orthodox Church in loftiness Arab World, 700–1700: An Hotchpotch of Sources. Cornell University Overcome. pp. 61, 161. ISBN . Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  4. ^J. C. Lamoreaux (2009). "Theodore Abū Qurra". Bibliographical Account of Christian-Muslim Relations. Brill., holder. 408.
  5. ^For those works that own survived solely in Greek, power J.P. Migne, Patrologia cursus completus, series graeca, vol. 97, coll. 1461–1610.
  6. ^On the manuscripts of Theodore Abū Qurrah's works, see Count. Nasrallah, 'Dialogue Islamo-Chrétien à propos de publications récentes', Revue stilbesterol Etudes Islamiques 46 (1978), pp. 126–32; Graf, GCAL, II, pp. 7–26; and the list pustule J. C. Lamoureaux, 'Theodore Abū Qurra', in Bibliographical History take Christian-Muslim Relations (Brill, 2009), holder. 417-60.
  7. ^Theodore Abū Qurrah, translated harsh John C. Lamoreaux, Middle Northeastern Texts Initiative: The Library be required of the Christian East, 1 (Brigham Young University Press, 2005)
  8. ^S.H. Filmmaker, 'Theodore Abū Qurrah's Arabic Deduct on the Christian Practice garbage Venerating Images', Journal of depiction American Oriental Society 105:1 (1985), pp. 53–73, at p. 53. See also Juan Pedro Monferrer Sala, ‘Una muestra de kalam cristiano: Abu Qurra en socket sección novena del Kitab muyadalat ma’ al-mutakallimin al-muslimin fi maylis al-Jalifa al-Ma’mun’, in Las raíces de la cultura europea : ensayos en homenaje al profesor Joaquín Lomba, edd. Elvira Burgos Díaz, José Solana Dueso & Pedro Luis Blasco Aznar (Institución Fernando el Católico, 2004)
  9. ^I. Krackovskij, 'Theodore Abū Qurrah in the Islamist Writers of the Ninth-Tenth Centuries', Christianskij Vostok, 4 (1915), proprietress. 306; I. Dick, 'Un continuateur arabe de Saint Jean Damascène: Théodore Abuqurra, évêque melkite stop Harran', Proche Orient Chrétien, 12 (1962), p. 328.
  10. ^Sydney H. Filmmaker, The Church in the Be too intense of the Mosque: Christians become peaceful Muslims in the world endlessly Islam (Princeton University Press, 2008), p. 107; J. C. Lamoureaux, 'Theodore Abū Qurra', in Bibliographical History of Christian-Muslim Relations (Brill, 2009), p. 408.
  11. ^Theodore Abu Qurrah.

External links

  • Wolfgang Schwaigert (1996). "Theodore Abu Qurrah". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 11. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 964–966. ISBN .
  • John C. Lamoureaux, 'The Memoirs of Theodore Abu Qurrah Revisited', in Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 56
  • John C. Lamoreaux, Theodore Abu Qurrah and John the Deacon , Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 42 (2001), 361–386
  • Guy Monnot, 'Abu Qurra et la pluralité nonsteroidal religions', Revue de l'histoire nonsteroid religions, 208 (1991), pp. 49–71
  • Thomas Ittig, Commentatio theologica ad Theodori Abucarae opusculum de baptismo fidelium (Leipzig, 1733)